Excerpt: ...The formula is SO2. (5) A liter of a compound gas, which is found to contain 1 C and 3 O by weight, weighs 1.26 g. What is its formula? Atomic weights are taken from page 12. Prove your answer. (6) A liter of a compound of N and O weighs 1.98 g. The N is 7/11; and the O 4/11. What is the gas? (7) A compound of N and H gas weighs 0.765 g. to the liter. The N is 14/17 of the whole, the H 3/17. What gas is it? CHAPTER XXXV. ATOMIC WEIGHT. 174. Definition.-We have seen that the molecular weight of a compound, as ...
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Excerpt: ...The formula is SO2. (5) A liter of a compound gas, which is found to contain 1 C and 3 O by weight, weighs 1.26 g. What is its formula? Atomic weights are taken from page 12. Prove your answer. (6) A liter of a compound of N and O weighs 1.98 g. The N is 7/11; and the O 4/11. What is the gas? (7) A compound of N and H gas weighs 0.765 g. to the liter. The N is 14/17 of the whole, the H 3/17. What gas is it? CHAPTER XXXV. ATOMIC WEIGHT. 174. Definition.-We have seen that the molecular weight of a compound, as well as of most elements, is obtained from the vapor density by doubling the latter. It remains to explain how atomic weights are obtained. The term is rather misleading. The atomic weight of an element is its least combining weight, the smallest portion that enters into chemical union, which is, of course, the weight of an atom. 175. Atomic Weight of Oxygen.-Suppose we wish to find the atomic weight of oxygen. We must find the smallest proportion by weight in which it occurs in any compound. This can only be done by analyzing all the compounds of O that can be vaporized. As illustrative of these compounds take the six following: - Wt. of other Names. V. d. Mol. Wt. Wt. of O. Elem. Symbol. Carbon monoxide... 14 28 16 12 ? Carbon dioxide.... 22 44 32 12 ? Hydrogen monoxide... 9 18 16 2 ? Nitrogen monoxide... 22 44 16 28 ? Nitrogen trioxide... 38 76 48 28 ? Nitrogen pentoxide... 54 108 80 28 ? 176. Molecular Symbols.-From the vapor density of the gases- column 2-we obtain their molecular weight- column 3. To find the proportion of O, it must be separated by chemical means from its compounds and separately weighed. These relative weights are given in column 4. Now the smallest weight of O which unites in any case is its atomic weight. If any compound of O should in future be found in which its combining weight is 8 or 4, that would be called its...
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