Under the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, China's maritime trade went through several stages of rapid expansion. This concerned both activities initiated by the central government and private seafaring: Chinese ships would sail to ports in Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean and foreign merchants would come to China, often declaring themselves as ...
China's seaborne trade in the early modern period consisted of three sectors - government trade, tribute trade and private trade. The first two were particularly active in the early 15th century, whereas private sea trade, both legal and illegal, was more dominant in later periods. The articles in the first part of this book mainly feature the ...
This second selection of studies by Professor Ptak focuses on Chinese maritime trade in the medieval and early modern periods. The first section deals with contacts between China and individual places, in particular Timor, the Sulu Islands, southern India, and the islands of the Indian Ocean. Chinese geographical and other accounts of these areas ...
Horses, horse-breeding and horse-keeping, as well as the trade in these animals, played an important role in the history of Asia's pre- and early modern civilisations. However, horses were unequally distributed over the Asian continent and their acquisition was usually associated with different expectations. When the knowledge spread that horses ...
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